Posts tagged rebalancing

Timing Matters, but Emotions Matter More

Market timing is something I’ve found many investors get drawn to eventually in their search for performance. My opinion is that market timing simply doesn’t work for a host of reasons. However it’s common to hear that if an investor just timed these various assets correctly they could have made X amount more. Yes, that’s true. But my take is simple: Timing matters but market timing doesn’t fix it.

Timing matters but market timing doesn’t fix it.

The issue is not that in hindsight that some mix of correctly timed buys would produce superior results. I don’t dispute that. But what I do dispute is that these things can be known ahead of time.

It is interesting because running this blog and forum I get people writing me all the time about timing the assets. Asset X is too much, Asset Y is a better buy, I’m going to wait on Asset Z. Etc.

I just tell them to buy all at once and be done with it. And that has proven to be the best advice over and over again. Not just because they will worry less about their money, but they will take their emotions out of the decision going forward.

It’s one thing to say an investor found some kind of timing mechanism that works on historic data. But it’s another thing entirely for them to actually follow it. What I’ve seen over and over again is that even if I thought their strategy were sound (which is practically never), they just don’t have the follow-through. More specifically, their timing system probably doesn’t work anyway and they’re using it as a way just to confirm their own biases and feelings for or against some asset class.

I had people writing me back in 2008 saying they didn’t want bonds because they were too expensive. By end of 2008 they went up +30%! So they got way more expensive.

Then in end of 2008 I told people to rebalance into stocks because they were decade low prices. But someone would write and point out all these technical analysis graphs showing, conclusively, that the Dow was going to 3,000 or whatever so they weren’t going to buy.

By end of 2009 stocks posted almost +30% gains.

Then in 2010 someone would write and not want to buy LT bonds. They said they got killed in 2009 with -20% losses and that 2010 would be just as bad because “interest rates have nowhere to go but up.”

Well they were wrong. Bonds were +9% for the year.

Then in 2011 someone would say that bonds, again, were going to lose money and they wanted to sit in ST cash because some guru had gone short on their maturity.

In 2011 LT bonds posted +30% gains.

But you know if someone had just bought all the assets and done nothing they’d have pulled in very good gains over these years with no hassle or stress. It’s easy money.

I understand the desire to time the markets. But aside from the technical aspect of knowing if the strategy will even work (it won’t), the bigger problem on top of it is that humans just aren’t good at controlling their emotions. They seek out data to confirm their biases. I have found repeatedly that this behavior not only makes them lose more money than someone that just bought in, but probably keeps them exposed to other market risks.

Here is a clip of Harry Browne discussing the same exact problem. De Ja Vu all over again:

Harry Browne on Timing Assets: Don’t do it!

Market timing doesn’t work. It doesn’t work for technical reasons and it doesn’t work for emotional reasons. Just buy the assets all at once and keep them rebalanced and you’ll be fine.

 

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Stop Losses and the Permanent Portfolio

Someone wanted to know if using stop losses is a good idea for the Permanent Portfolio. In short, no they aren’t.

For the uninitiated, a stop loss is an automatic order in place at the broker to sell a security when a certain low price has been reached. The theory is that you can set a stock price that is, say, 20% below your purchase price and if the stock drops to that level it is sold automatically. The idea is it limits your losses in any one position.

Sounds good in theory. Yet in practice it has the following issues:

Whipsaws – This is a fancy way of saying that you could sell out of a position automatically only to see the price recover almost as fast. For instance, a price could drop suddenly on bad news one day but as the markets digest the information the price could quickly recover. This happens frequently in the markets. This is a very bad thing in a taxable account because it can drop a tax bill in your lap if you just happen to lock in some gains in that position.

Delayed Order Execution – In a large and fast market drop your order is not executed immediately. It will be executed when many other orders are flooding in and you will get the market price. So you may set your stop loss at $15 per share for instance, but your order may execute at the $10 price. If the stock recovers even to $15 at this point you’ve taken a serious bath vs. just leaving things alone.

Automates Bad Portfolio Management – When you automate sales in your portfolio it takes away what is frequently your best option during a volatile market: Doing nothing. I’ve made a ton of money by just ignoring market goings on and sticking to my plan. Doing nothing is a big part of successful investing.

Makes Panicking Easier – When the stop losses kick in it is easy to go into panic mode. You now have this bundle of cash sitting there that this circuit breaker has thrown into your lap. Now you have an awful decision to make:

  • Do I keep it out or get back in? 

Then you have the second awful decision to make:

  • Is it too expensive to get back in now or do I wait a little longer and see if it drops more? 

Then you have the third awful decision to make:

  • I knew I was too early because the price just dropped when I bought back in. Should I sell out again or leave it alone?

Why torture yourself repeatedly with this cycle? Not just this, but it’s never a good idea to react in a panic and stop losses force you to react right when it’s usually the worst time (in a panic).

Finally the above isn’t just theory. In 1987 we had a 25% market decline that caused a huge sell-off. Yet by the end of the year the stock market was in positive territory. Selling out during the panic was not a good idea. And more recently in 2010 we had the Flash Crash where the market dropped nine percent in a few minutes, but then snapped back within minutes after. A stop loss there would have resulted in almost certain losses.

The best way to manage risk in the Permanent Portfolio is to use rebalancing bands and avoid any kind of automated trading. Orderly rebalancing will not only likely result in better performance, but will be much better for your sanity.

Rebalancing Spreadsheet

Just thought I’d post a link to a rebalancing spreadsheet I’ve used for some time now from www.flexibleretirementplanner.com:

Rebalancing Spreadsheet

The spreadsheet needs a couple small things to get working. The main thing is to erase the data in the Imported Data tab. Then, fill out the Imported Data tab with your Permanent Portfolio asset class names along with the cost basis and current market value. For example:

Vanguard Total Stock Market  $xxxx   $yyyy

US Treasury Long Term Bonds $xxxx   $yyyy

Gold Bullion $xxxx $yyyy

Treasury Money Market $xxxx   $yyyy

Next up is to go to the Asset Class Info tab. On the bottom table you want to delete the security names that are listed under the Security Table. Then go into the Asset Class 1 column and blank out the asset class types. Next, put in the asset class names exactly as typed them on the Imported Data tab. In the Asset Class 1 column select the name of the asset class that best defines what you are using. For instance for my Vanguard Total Stock Market index I just selected “Lg Cap Blend.” For the bonds select “Domestic Bonds.” For your Treasury Money Market select “Cash.” For the Gold select “Gold.” If you did this right, the current value you typed into the previous tab will be copied over, if not you will get an Not Found message. Check for typos if this happens.

Then, go to the Rebalance tab. Type in “0″ in each column entry under Target Percent to blank everything out. Then go to each asset class label (Lg Cap Blend, Domestic Bonds, Gold, Cash) and put in your desired percent holding. In the case of the Permanent Portfolio you put in 25% next to Lg Cap Blend, Domestic Bonds, Cash and Gold. You will see the figures you entered into the Imported Tab be magically copied into the spreadsheet. The target amount figure should match the portfolio values you entered in the Imported Data tab.

Finally, go to the top left box and look for Trigger Factor. This is the value where if the asset class has shifted up or down too much the spreadsheet will tell you how much you need to buy or sell to bring it back into alignment. You can try setting it between 20-30% for your rebalancing bands.

Now when you need to see if and how much to rebalance you simply update the current market values in the Imported Data tab and the figures are done for you. You can also play around with the parameters on the spreadsheet to test out various doomsday scenarios for your allocation. But be careful not to alter the formulas.

Enjoy.

 

 

 

 

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